Computer Architecture

Computer Architecture

            Computer Architecture

Here I will discuss you the Architects of the computer system. How the components and parts of the computer are interrelated to each other, how they work together and also discuss about the working of these components (parts).

What is computer Architecture?

Def: “The way in which the components/parts of the computer system are connected to one another is called computer architecture.”

Computer Architecture in define in the various ways. Here I discuss you one of these.

There are two different scientist that describe the architecture of the computer system…………….

(i)                  Von Neumann Architecture

(ii)                Macro Architecture

Now I will discuss Von Neumann Architecture in detail.

The Von Neumann with his team proposed a design in 1951. He design a system to store the computer program in computer. The data or program are stored in the computer memory. The different part of the computer read these instruction one by one and execute them to take action on them.

Note: the most of the modern computer are design according to this design.

Components/parts of the computer system:

Components/parts of the computer system is as follow:

(1)                CPU(Central processing unit)

(2)                Main Memory

(3)                Input/unit

(4)                Bus interconnection

Now I briefly describe these components below:

1.     CPU:

CPU stands for Central Processing unit. It is considered as the brain of the computer. It is also simply called processer. It has two farther components. These parts or components as follow.

a.      Control unit:

Control unit is the most important part of the processer. It works like a supervisor of the computer system. It works as an interconnection of all the components in computer system. The instruction execute one by one.

b.      ALU:

ALU stands for Arithmetic and logic unit. It is use to perform all arithmetic operations in the computer system.

2.     Main Memory:

                                
Main memory is used to store data and instructions. First of all, the data is loaded in the memory and then the cpu take it for further processing. Therefore,  The main memory is also known as the working area of the computer.

The computer system consists of two types of memory these are as follow:

a.       RAM

b.      ROM

The explanation of these(RAM & ROM) discussed later:

The structure of Main Memory:

Now I define How the main memory made. There are few steps to made the main memory. These are as follow:

1.       The main memory is built in the form of chip.

2.       These chips are made from semi-conductor material.

The main memory of the computer consists of millions of cells. Every one cell can store one bit. Bit stands for binary digit(0,1). These cells are organized in groups. Each group is called byte. For example:

0

1

1

0

0

1

1

1

The example that is described is called one bye. Each byte that is exist in the memory has a unique number that is assigned to it according to the data. These numbers are called the address of the byte.

How to access data in the main memory….???

The accessing of the data from main memory is very easy method. Actually, the main memory is consist of different collection of bytes that is arranged. You can access any byte by accessing its address. You can access directly or randomly.

3.     I/O unit:

                
The input/output unit of the computer system is used to flow the information from CPU and the I/o devices. The i/o devices is also called the peripheral devices. These devices are keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer etc.

4.     Bus Interconnection:

                                                
The bus interconnection is used as the medium or communication channel between different components of the computer system. It means that the data or instruction and the control signal flow with the help of buss interconnection from one part of the computer to another.