BOOST your DSL Speed AMAZINGLY !!!

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">In this Post we will tell our Readers how to Boost your DSL speed Amazingly, in this post there are some simple layman tips and tricks to boost your internet speed. </span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">Nowadays Wireless technology is very widely used for internet but at the same time still DSL Connection is very much in use because of its High Bandwidth and Low Ping. Most of developing countries still use DSL technology because it's cheaper and easy to setup. Many of developing countries still don't use 3G and 4G technologies that's why their broadband Infrastructure depends upon mainly DSL.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line, It is technology use to provide Internet connection to Users through a Telephone Line or Modern Fiber Optic Line. its Ideal speed can go up to 100s of MBPS but due to its physical dependance more than wireless technology usually users don't get these ideal speeds, one of the biggest advantage we have of DSL is that single line also provide Phone and IPTV facility simultaneously , so it means you can use your Internet, Phone and IPTV simultaneously.</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">You may be thinking how it is possible? three Services in one line. well it uses technology called Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), in this technology they virtually divide your Phone Line(Medium) into virtual frequency channels, along each channel they send different type of data, due to difference in frequency between different data they don't get intermixed. Thats is also the reason for higher bandwidth in line.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">DSL speed depends upon various factors, speed gets much slower due to weaker signal and noise in the line can kill the speed greatly, avoid noise loose joints etc Continue reading through this post it will help you alot if you are a sad DSL user.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">Due to Attenuation and Losses in the Line signal often gets weaker due to many reasons which are given below:</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">So in order to get much better speeds according to subscribed package follow the tips given below it will help you so much.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>1- Distance from Telephone Booster</b></span></div> <span style="font-size: large;">This greatly affect your speed because more you are distant from the booster the more wire you will use, so more copper means more attenuation losses, so make sure when you get a new DSL connection ask your lineman to give you connection from Nearest Booster.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>2- Distance from DSL/Telephone Exchange</b></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">If you are near to exchange then probably you will get greater speeds but infact you can't change your house and get a new one near the exchange. So this cannot help you if you are away from exchange.</span><br /> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>3- Quality of Copper Wire</b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">When you get a new connection make sure lineman installs a good quality copper wire from booster to your house, often Broadband service provider installs very low quality wire to get more profit out of customer, so i recommend you to buy your own good Quality Wire.</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>4- DSL Splitter</b></span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">This is small box installed right before you telephone and router , it divides one connection to two, one for you phone and one for DSL. Don't compromise the quality of your internet and get a good quality splitter from market, it is easily available in 8$ to 15$. it actually divides your line into two physical connection one for you broadband and one for Telephone.</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>5- Joints at Different points</b></span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">It is very strongly recommended for you to use only one piece of wire from booster to your house, because joints in wire affects greatly your speed,it weakens your signal and also cause noise in the line, noise can reduce amplitude of actual signal which carries data.</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>6-  Loose Joints</b></span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">Suppose due to some reasons your wire is broken, and you have to connect it now, so make sure you connect it very tightly and also apply plastic tape on it to prevent it from corrosion. Loose joints will cause noise in your line and noise can seriously lowers your DSL speed.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>7- Wire from Splitter to Router</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">Once splitter is connected now wire from splitter to router should be kept as much short as possible because if it kept long your signal will eventually attenuated and you will not get much speed. so keep this wire only 2-3 meters not more than that.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>8- Apply for High Speed Package</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">After doing all above if you are unable to boost speed of you DSL connection then it might be problem from back end from ISP( Internet Service Provider), kindly complain your ISP and ask them to resolve the issue and if issue still persists then order a High speed package or change your ISP.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">Kindly comment and give us feedback if any of above helped you having boost up your DSL Connection.</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /></div> </div>

BOOST your DSL Speed AMAZINGLY !!!

In this Post we will tell our Readers how to Boost your DSL speed Amazingly, in this post there are some simple layman tips and tricks to ...

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Operating System and Its Types

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTzBvtVfSVpwJO6-CTp2jpCx00Qzj-Mj_M-kcaH-Pz-uvSgEARGoaId94a41lxfUDjyrFIPGA9_W7uRKslulYAPjXk4vpmoO8VbJV6iqPyofNQh0z_Yk6dFvHYxsD4-0cIjAUhLAWhjLM/s1600/Operating+system.png" style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTzBvtVfSVpwJO6-CTp2jpCx00Qzj-Mj_M-kcaH-Pz-uvSgEARGoaId94a41lxfUDjyrFIPGA9_W7uRKslulYAPjXk4vpmoO8VbJV6iqPyofNQh0z_Yk6dFvHYxsD4-0cIjAUhLAWhjLM/s400/Operating+system.png" /></a> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">Operating System and Its Types</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>OPERATING SYSTEM:</b></span></span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> An operating system is a software program, but it is different from word processing programs, spreadsheets, and all the other software programs on your computer<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6ccaa759-7358-4c10-89dc-8792e6a10715" id="95cf9671-2520-4dd0-800d-967dc6004b5e"> .</gs> An operating system is the single most important software when you run a computer, it is what takes care of pretty much everything on a computer system, while the majority of computers we see happen to be using one ‘type’ of operating system performing the same functions, operating systems can be branched into several different types as well.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">Some basic properties or tasks of operating systems are given below.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">1. <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f038b344-15be-48c8-b7b6-0091cf79d2f8" id="fd559cc1-6318-4661-a264-bb59dad00a5f">Operating system</gs> is an interface between user and hardware an environment architecture.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3cefe6ea-cc17-4075-958f-07ea812a0f49" id="d8f51e8e-e91c-40f7-a6fe-e2d1596b216a">2.</gs>It acts as a control program.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6df1923e-00fb-4267-95f5-19c4c186f184" id="eaf9ae1d-11d6-464f-8770-42435911a23e">3.</gs>It gives each user a slice of the resources.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="79982cfa-c1cd-469f-8b6e-a994b96032e9" id="252eceaa-ed59-461e-b72d-3ba80a1220c3">4.</gs>It <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="79982cfa-c1cd-469f-8b6e-a994b96032e9" id="a751714b-27b6-4f7f-a04d-07da402453de">also provide</gs> information protection and allows efficient usage.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> Types Of Operating System: </span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> There are almost six types of operating system which are given below.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1012d0bd-0852-40ab-981f-fdffbb4591d6" id="07b2c734-c013-4bb0-aa23-1ac5eeb95e6d">1.</gs>Batch processing operating system</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="64845b04-53a9-4479-b29e-df069c07fc8c" id="e5db3817-5572-41dc-99af-7bafe53eb32c">2.</gs>Real time operating system.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ca0ba573-e247-4e93-944b-a8110a44b3c9" id="3a26b410-a4ae-4676-995a-309c6aff5ec7">3.</gs>Single user operating system.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6e966488-aaba-4584-a1de-fd0b2aad6ad0" id="baec3722-830d-40cb-9122-21a78cb2b5ef">4.</gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6e966488-aaba-4584-a1de-fd0b2aad6ad0" id="cb6ef790-c59c-4cab-beb6-ed71d5c06f2f">Multi-tasking</gs> operating system.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="411f4590-711a-4cec-a3d5-5a1f435a0bac" id="4dc09695-82e4-4a9a-a831-cd9799f0a6cc">5.</gs>Multi User operating System.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6f5b7aaf-f783-449d-8ee7-32bef98d0b22" id="803e6724-251c-4c15-91ef-e46ced9a2b28">6.</gs>Distributed operating system.</span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">Now we will discuss all these types in detail<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f8258ee2-aa03-4150-939f-ed004cfb33ec" id="39121606-4fd8-4610-95e3-af7451d26e10"> .</gs> </span><br /> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="89512606-6838-44c9-9f11-f38e84927d6a" id="6002f6cd-f394-435e-aa50-b39986e73572">1.</gs>Batch processing System:</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">— In a batch processing operating system interaction between the user and processor is limited or there is no interaction at all during the execution of work. <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="064112f0-28ee-4abf-8cbd-1f4f9640e586" id="c99bfef4-9a84-4bc1-9cc6-b836313a8777">Data and programs that</gs> need to be processed are bundled and collected as a ‘batch’ and executed together.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">This system <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c85836fe-e172-4428-92b9-a6ae6611a756" id="d72a2624-6437-45b1-af39-47d566c255d6">were introduced</gs> to avoid the problems in early system. The problems of early system <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="918b437f-d20c-4aed-95e6-5e4ecdada51d" id="ba246595-590d-4018-9905-ecd2de40f01f">was</gs> more setup <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="918b437f-d20c-4aed-95e6-5e4ecdada51d" id="13e18cab-683b-4eff-bbe1-ec3fd12ee91a">time so</gs> this is reduced by Batches known as <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="918b437f-d20c-4aed-95e6-5e4ecdada51d" id="f3feaaf6-cec3-46ea-96e9-62b8f8f1fb0d">batch processing system</gs>. It <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7e6e8a5c-6b4c-4f5a-b888-a5442e8c7d7b" id="f39c7cb4-88f1-4f49-beec-7de585716d0e">also automatically keep</gs> executing the important task performed by the Batch Monitor resided in <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="7e6e8a5c-6b4c-4f5a-b888-a5442e8c7d7b" id="2f18ec46-10bc-4a38-9983-5ad55389f994">the low</gs> and main memory.</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="56a04da0-c7b2-495a-aee3-0039250c3e9a" id="f5d0d292-4e76-4342-ad4d-7fe848ac64c8">2.</gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="56a04da0-c7b2-495a-aee3-0039250c3e9a" id="1bcef50b-f5e6-4916-beb9-b742b6b48684">Real-Time</gs> operating System.</b></span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">A real-time operating system is a system that ensures the exact time <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="347ef6e7-cea5-4f1f-a9ff-9595e7d26863" id="cbf62c7e-834b-4233-bd95-2567880df979">requirment</gs> for a job<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="347ef6e7-cea5-4f1f-a9ff-9595e7d26863" id="6a69bdb5-df76-4651-95e0-9e69d06b4308">.</gs>if a real time system does not complete a task <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="347ef6e7-cea5-4f1f-a9ff-9595e7d26863" id="764bcedd-16d4-4df3-b9ba-d27f2e19039a">in</gs> a certain time, it may cause a breakdown of the entire system it is running. Some application require to be serviced <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d7d32acf-d685-4ce6-8092-fcfa38eef33a" id="85efe53b-42c2-4e61-ab58-dda7f475ad4a">with in</gs> a time period:</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">Industrial control system<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="885f164f-e800-4d57-b8c6-1d018c956ca5" id="a814a491-430f-40e0-80dd-7f8f1f88bfae"> ,</gs> automobiles, Airplane <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="885f164f-e800-4d57-b8c6-1d018c956ca5" id="43095b53-747b-4d02-8845-e2780b925110">guidence</gs>, Medical devices.</span><br /> <br /> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f7b343fd-2767-4533-9f43-7faf581f352f" id="f46f4b39-02a7-40fe-965a-1be1095f35bb">3.</gs>Single User Operating System:</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">A single user OS as the name <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="22bfba1a-712f-48ab-9428-19feb45611ad" id="b62f0593-27e4-4a39-be51-ac02ace04fa4">suggests is</gs> designed for one user to effectively use a computer at a time</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;">A single-User operating system is a single type of operating system that developed and intended for use on a computer or similar machine that will only a single user at any given time A single-User operating system that is a single task system is developed for use with a computer or electronic device that will only run one application at a time </span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">This type of OS is typically used on devices like wireless phone and two-way messaging device A single task OS can only run one program or application at a time<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6a20c90d-63c4-4989-abf9-78e8a8b38773" id="a41e9031-9af1-4a1a-ba8f-81830e8ff9c6"> ,</gs> and so <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6a20c90d-63c4-4989-abf9-78e8a8b38773" id="a2140982-dfee-4758-bb82-5bef1ac3f813">it</gs> not as useful for a computer or other device intended to run multiple programs at once. </span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6a20d1e6-6ac6-41d4-b55d-5d1f5df94ab1" id="6793bed4-f029-4874-a7f7-630322a70808">4.</gs>Multi Tasking Operating System:</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">In this type of OS several applications <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="20db2b90-230e-4eb9-b07d-9af077219fd6" id="9bf2cdec-de6d-492d-b189-a021fdca7bdd">maybe</gs> simultaneously loaded and used in the memory. While the processor handles only one application at a particular time it is capable of switching between the applications effectively to apparently simultaneously execute each application. This type of operating system is seen everywhere today and is the most common type of OS, the Windows operating system would be an example<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c6dc14e-3183-41a9-9916-6eba421a5d8f" id="9c8f2d65-3611-40c4-a4ab-8bb884527438">.</gs>So this is the ability to do more than one task at one time.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="30dd4636-408e-499b-96f5-7e3b65d9008f" id="22401efb-519d-4ffa-89c4-ef372d6903fb">5.</gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="30dd4636-408e-499b-96f5-7e3b65d9008f" id="c166b4be-fbd2-4d6b-9e0c-bc639187df91">Multi-User</gs> Operating System:</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">A multiple user operating system is an operating system that <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f1f5ea72-41e4-4dfb-a73a-b161064f55d5" id="3127c717-38fc-46f0-b219-dba619339341">allow</gs> multiple user to use programs that are <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f1f5ea72-41e4-4dfb-a73a-b161064f55d5" id="3843d468-e3bd-48c3-9ba4-42ab53b838fb">simultineously</gs> running on a single network server called a terminal server<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f1f5ea72-41e4-4dfb-a73a-b161064f55d5" id="1f4b5fb1-58c6-4548-9b89-54c1f3e588eb"> .</gs> For example<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f1f5ea72-41e4-4dfb-a73a-b161064f55d5" id="5a82b810-d8a2-47d0-b138-c66ef37ba191"> :</gs> Unix and <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f1f5ea72-41e4-4dfb-a73a-b161064f55d5" id="63faf8db-fde6-412b-969f-e028339b842d">Linix</gs> and VMS are multiple operating system. </span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">A multi-User operating system is a computer operating system that allows multiple user on different computers a or terminals to access a single system with one operating system on it.These program are quite complicated and must be able to properly manage the necessary task required by the different users connected to it.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e76bb75-0f7e-42b3-a339-cf85b049fcd5" id="ef927d0e-609f-4410-abca-679e62e07d11">6.</gs>Distributed Operating System:</b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br />In a distributed system, software and data are  distributed around the files and programs and also systems  that may be stored on different storage devices which may be located in different geographical locations and may be accessed from different computer terminals.<br /><br /><br />Reasons for distributed system:<br /><br /> 1) Sharing and printing files at remote sites.<br /><br /> 2) Processing information remote specialize hardware devices.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">3) Computer speedup-load sharing.<br /><br />4) Reliability –detect and recover from site failure, function transfer, reintegrate failed site<br /><br />5) <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ec4aa330-4eb3-4ff8-a7bc-e518af92499e" id="0d2a5e78-7963-4407-92e2-47cf3f2702f9">communication</gs>- message passing<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ec4aa330-4eb3-4ff8-a7bc-e518af92499e" id="2e9c6c33-633d-4585-99e2-9fec26022996"> .</gs><br /><br /><br /><br />So these are the types of Operating System. I hope now you can fully understand the Operating System and its types </span></div> </div>

Operating System and Its Types

Operating System and Its Types OPERATING SYSTEM: An operating system is a software program, but it is different from word ...

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Three Kinds Of Super Delicious French Fries (Crunchy and Soft)

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4YQVtgg6Ghcz6VhwCU_nivHbHiP6KNefBX_V95l5p-cwx0psuhR-11s4Un5mMGWN2MmUY-8zYI7UmOxtO0pOWZpPs6KjeRFJ1Qk6bITv2W8GiOjzUkq3YXeVU8ATc8OxzhmdV2AS3_MV/s1600/fries.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4YQVtgg6Ghcz6VhwCU_nivHbHiP6KNefBX_V95l5p-cwx0psuhR-11s4Un5mMGWN2MmUY-8zYI7UmOxtO0pOWZpPs6KjeRFJ1Qk6bITv2W8GiOjzUkq3YXeVU8ATc8OxzhmdV2AS3_MV/s400/fries.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Hi guys today I am going to tell you some secrets behind delicious french fries that <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c5097906-0db0-439c-a6ac-a5618d17f720" id="d92d40e3-b58a-4fc8-9121-a490285f78b5"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3e2a5c29-82ab-4f3b-9000-e255b0c2e2a4" id="2d0b804e-0902-47be-8414-c00d011e14f9"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="910fdf73-83b6-48ea-8b3f-2d86d8e1773b" id="d3bd4516-5760-40f6-901c-b4a6784e9d73"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3f0e58a9-923a-4b7a-ba2c-a07236c07fbd" id="d64f09a3-fff4-4f3b-8f1f-3006ca15d5b0">only top chef</gs></gs></gs></gs> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c5097906-0db0-439c-a6ac-a5618d17f720" id="909362f8-71c5-4f35-996c-6b92052529c0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3e2a5c29-82ab-4f3b-9000-e255b0c2e2a4" id="05342795-74ee-453f-92ca-03bd262e1fb7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="910fdf73-83b6-48ea-8b3f-2d86d8e1773b" id="50529ba4-dc88-4146-adf2-01aece9a5bd5"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3f0e58a9-923a-4b7a-ba2c-a07236c07fbd" id="546b4940-04a0-4dc8-a024-aacbc83eae33">know</gs></gs></gs></gs> so make sure to read this post all the way down.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"> POTATO CUTTING EASY!</span></h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">In all of my below given recipes you will have to cut your potatoes in french fries manner<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="b6417da3-a3f0-443b-bbe5-5a14c244da7f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="0f89bec0-14c7-4621-b3c1-dcb49b481c96"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="0dcf25cf-e764-4d30-8db4-a134a9dc2749"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="5b194f7d-73a4-4a81-90e3-23fb5f197c54">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>For this purpose first you have to peel off potatoes<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="8bc5cc0a-b600-45fa-abd9-9fb9170917ac"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="4ad7439d-92b2-4c99-8f7c-ecdd51f7c883"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="ea9a3791-2ebf-48aa-8de8-448f7339deca"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="0e84ca78-16da-47ae-9cab-2ffbd0c04877">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>There are some special types of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="9435c820-67e7-4005-9959-13e83a43ae54"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="922ee69e-6eba-49ce-be89-a8f6c2df8fb2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="31f47d08-9405-4fdd-9e0f-6312b91e5e6d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="5492746f-5ef1-4cb9-9fb6-413c156b57c2">knifes</gs></gs></gs></gs> in <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="cf7382cd-3424-47f4-90a4-c93e2a7073a2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="38374271-ae6b-4445-a105-e14ed2d92869"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="6f25cb48-18ec-45bb-bb28-85c9731a0a09"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="e1d6b80e-9120-456c-bd49-250e86289221">market</gs></gs></gs></gs> that are really helpful for this purpose<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="e6d5ea3e-36ce-4158-94b3-7155bb9c6ab0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="0e105212-a206-44fc-9f7b-22af2328c644"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="aaa6bcde-fa5b-49c6-b5a4-cbaed27145a2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="f1b2f567-c8aa-4f91-8bea-65230ee56c48">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Cutting potatoes in that specific manner can also be <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="0c87e5d3-e0ca-4dc4-b6cd-9f8e7ad81b43"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="b9f8c4e4-d263-4ad1-bf5e-57ba2f1e7b71"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="8b43fcda-a73f-4471-a8ef-895eea67ee3c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="45dba93a-4854-41e0-bdf9-52cb1c4512fb">challenging so</gs></gs></gs></gs> I recommend you to buy a <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="68f17e4d-1ac8-44eb-b292-1c1aac25b20b"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="70719607-a283-4c94-a804-31560c62a1d7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="3a438ea6-62a2-4b5c-b505-f160b2a71575"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="0d15aecc-62c0-4f50-938b-7a4f38946668">chips</gs></gs></gs></gs> cutting machine from <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="d7f059bc-94f5-4420-ae1a-d63424892077"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="71256805-d165-4a9f-ae2f-dec732b58bc2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="8bbf5d0b-7bd1-4862-b28f-c0ef3fe2b58e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="998d7cb3-1e86-4e7a-b240-25731c41664d">market</gs></gs></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="5aa33e7e-64c4-4f8e-92fe-c6566e420e5a"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="16d3d6dc-c4e7-4ca8-a194-8f7ea858fc0f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="e1bfee6e-f077-41f5-8f47-fe91bca9c395"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="ea20b119-99f9-484e-90ba-0c56d510544f">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>It works manually and easy to handle also it is very <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="787c8fb3-4847-48c9-880c-8b8386d3329e" id="3bf6d47c-3709-4270-aaca-cf5a617bbbe7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf0af9d2-b5cb-4d86-a7ac-3313d79cc96b" id="1222b99d-9109-4cbe-b70a-34e6d389b8db"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1e27a35e-7d75-4ed8-b0c6-37fc3b061aa3" id="92c3dcd4-ab80-4dd2-a660-0d25afacdf61"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="57eb34dc-13de-455b-b906-edfc3c148a5e" id="3a089d9f-43dd-49ad-9e02-57d4705464e7">cheap</gs></gs></gs></gs> and easily available at market.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;"> FIRST AND MY FAVORITE  WAY</span></h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">This method of making french fries is my favorite because this method makes the most tastiest french fries on earth today<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="62dfa0e2-c432-417f-9b10-f90ee5bd7f48" id="67ce844f-082e-439b-8c93-b8610058c350"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a38889e3-6e6c-4267-a8a9-25b36615b69b" id="93b4f523-298d-4933-bf69-0ec5bf3e42c0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f81013db-c159-4a78-aa03-031a5fa273d6" id="64ff0ac4-1552-4b83-bc44-262c1b7ec3ca"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d905602b-37f0-4e83-b381-1f822c398244" id="51a1d7d8-2bbd-48b0-831d-cf69f13ca097">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Yes I can bet on it! That crisp and crunch from outside and soft and tasty potato from inside will make your day!</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> Things you need</span></h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1-potatoes</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2-salt</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">3-corn starch</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">4-oil</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">5-moderate heat</span><br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br />SO HERE IS THE RECIPE</span></h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">When you have cut potatoes to fry, wash them with water and make sure starch coming out of potatoes is washed-off.Actually this starch is not that tasty as corn starch is so we are going to apply it instead.Keep salt and corn starch next to you because you are going to need it really quick.Now according to your taste put some salt over potatoes and mix them.At this stage you will notice water coming out from potatoes as soon as you put salt over them.When you see water coming out from them quickly pour corn starch over them.Water from potatoes will help to bind corn starch.Before putting these fries in oil make sure water is not too is not too much.Without wasting time pour these fries in oil and deep fry them.Keep the heat low.Do not cover the fry pan let air to pass.In first 5 minutes do not disturb fries otherwise they will break.After five minutes when you think that they will not break upon moving slowly move fries here and there in pan and try to separate attached ones.After 8 to 10 minutes try to eat one and check whether soft from inside or not.Be sure you do not let them change there color to reddish brown otherwise they will not taste that good.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Take them out of the oil and surf them with ketchup and yogurt.</span><br /> <h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">FAREED`S DELICIOUS WAY</span></span></h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">I used to <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f7c11b15-79e2-470f-86fc-3e229343e0f7" id="359163ee-162d-4d77-8fbc-87cdee6cb49b"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ac0f4288-5e6c-4412-aa41-6489b268c94d" id="7815ed2a-3804-43e5-9257-299ba47ea7e2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="785df485-db73-4dba-9876-2941276b4e85" id="6ad3c141-bf5b-42d1-bc61-8e2c4c62fde3"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="e688fe2d-1159-4055-868a-03620baa08af" id="133c9b7f-3db7-49f6-b97c-bec9c975537b">go a restaurant with</gs></gs></gs></gs> my friends just to eat these expensive and so popular french fries in Karachi. These fries are very heavy yet really tasty<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="04f3c149-89bf-476b-a4ab-6e5a1d402720" id="9a7fe559-cae3-4651-b13f-57c57ba183ed"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1ab0ceef-d527-4519-99b4-32f3c8f4e1de" id="5811518d-3d88-4b4b-bb91-1f15dc570f2e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="8b224188-2c1a-443f-9c36-c1c367e12247" id="afeb08fd-cdef-400d-a95e-24bffa72c189"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3eb18184-a0de-4da6-a3aa-9705afad4289" id="1da76c85-1f7e-4004-8114-90996e9ce90b">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>I ate them a couple of time and figure what would</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c9b71fa6-54a8-494a-8b7a-8d15d4a59521" id="f6610bbf-63a1-40c2-b91c-f55927b01c71"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ce0db6c5-9264-4820-bc52-0e27602d4b70" id="f88ad7dd-f29c-42a4-9dc6-afb0e6cea7bc"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d1190ac6-3968-450e-90de-68986dc719cc" id="6cec2ba5-3d43-4c44-ade9-5d393d9da14f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0ac27fb2-512b-4aa1-ba56-28e7c3dd9c25" id="3060d534-7689-465d-ab3f-96c7394a3c6d">be</gs></gs></gs></gs> the recipe and make myself those fries<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c9b71fa6-54a8-494a-8b7a-8d15d4a59521" id="7b7aaefa-b42e-4215-93bd-f3706b81378c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ce0db6c5-9264-4820-bc52-0e27602d4b70" id="321523ec-fbf3-4c50-994b-66d450fe726e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d1190ac6-3968-450e-90de-68986dc719cc" id="ba132972-eafe-49e3-a7ed-d4e680b74382"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0ac27fb2-512b-4aa1-ba56-28e7c3dd9c25" id="dca373ef-ecd1-429d-a499-2264e43a57d4">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>They were actually a lot tastier than the actual one!</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>Things YOU NEED</b></span></h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1-cut potatoes</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2-an egg</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">3-salt</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">4-oil</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">5-Chinese salt</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> HERE IS THE RECIPE</span></h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">At first apply salt over them and as soon you apply salt pour them in hot oil and fry them until they can break easily<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="093e433b-35d2-4975-bccb-1fdf0ed917fb" id="3a7966dc-f741-40d5-bd87-e4b9be2394b6"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf41b280-dbc3-405e-825c-4d866bf07a43" id="88fba209-9932-4a9b-b1d6-d4806e733eb0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="07627d3a-2f0e-419b-9412-857a30b7a5e0" id="fb023b00-c21f-4182-9ce6-b077b3b4e358"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="44cef43d-c134-45cd-90eb-c843022fbf73" id="584c4972-cf11-4b9c-b3f9-563249601b60">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>At this stage quickly take them out and put them in a pan<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="093e433b-35d2-4975-bccb-1fdf0ed917fb" id="c877fdb5-a963-4113-a78f-08409aa11b8d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf41b280-dbc3-405e-825c-4d866bf07a43" id="20874d3b-f134-4e0f-aa7b-598803ef1e0d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="07627d3a-2f0e-419b-9412-857a30b7a5e0" id="e5821b0e-df8e-41e6-aacc-9077a2924fd9"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="44cef43d-c134-45cd-90eb-c843022fbf73" id="aff34ea2-c66c-4f1f-ae2e-0bff3c684287">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Beat an egg and pour it on these halved cooked potatoes<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="093e433b-35d2-4975-bccb-1fdf0ed917fb" id="ca339d49-bb97-4222-baa1-5568f987b1ca"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf41b280-dbc3-405e-825c-4d866bf07a43" id="eb31172f-4ac5-43fc-8661-091908119145"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="07627d3a-2f0e-419b-9412-857a30b7a5e0" id="70cb5d21-604a-4b2a-a20f-418bfd8e3e29"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="44cef43d-c134-45cd-90eb-c843022fbf73" id="c9033f97-2a30-477c-a9ab-87c1a6897c13">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Mix it and <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="093e433b-35d2-4975-bccb-1fdf0ed917fb" id="d87fefd5-9e43-4940-9419-ea46e6232703"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf41b280-dbc3-405e-825c-4d866bf07a43" id="71e7d339-5927-40b2-ae7f-f4c7ea2891a2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="07627d3a-2f0e-419b-9412-857a30b7a5e0" id="9bdddaed-1ab6-461b-ad23-6032f295764e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="44cef43d-c134-45cd-90eb-c843022fbf73" id="51558322-1a29-4939-98aa-82cc1f333ca6">quickly pour</gs></gs></gs></gs> them back in hot oil and cook them until they are soft and crunchy<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="093e433b-35d2-4975-bccb-1fdf0ed917fb" id="fe02c5a8-0793-4ae5-9702-b5ce6facac62"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf41b280-dbc3-405e-825c-4d866bf07a43" id="31798f42-aaec-406a-becd-1a8cadc237e1"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="07627d3a-2f0e-419b-9412-857a30b7a5e0" id="0e49a3c9-10f3-4bde-bed6-e9d305d6977a"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="44cef43d-c134-45cd-90eb-c843022fbf73" id="077f7c55-58bc-4974-a0ba-dd54ab26287b">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>One egg will be enough for 2 kg`s of potatoes so be sure not to use <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="093e433b-35d2-4975-bccb-1fdf0ed917fb" id="69beaa73-1410-4142-9152-3a09703ac6a2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf41b280-dbc3-405e-825c-4d866bf07a43" id="38a0d184-1f33-4667-8336-17556112b9cb"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="07627d3a-2f0e-419b-9412-857a30b7a5e0" id="4c459baa-2d71-485c-b7c1-415dc421cfa5"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="44cef43d-c134-45cd-90eb-c843022fbf73" id="9064e48f-f40e-4dcf-97c8-530937224f66">to</gs></gs></gs></gs> much egg on potatoes.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Take them out and surf them with ketchup and yogurt. Make sure to put some Chinese salt over them<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a1209b1e-7e4c-4323-980e-4017624a5dfb" id="8547e593-1371-473c-aeed-8cec749f2585"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="190dc63f-04b6-4d22-b943-743cf0110db3" id="a3ab59e8-f1a0-4c68-99df-4d6c77159fe3"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c941a7a3-8e8b-4772-876c-1e8d5235cba0" id="70a82a15-0e4d-4500-9f69-8b376f7167f3"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ccfa1c01-e63d-4dbd-b7f7-631bda13a554" id="85133c75-8cfd-4ed9-a858-7a162afa262e">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>These snacks are too heavy! <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="be67b61a-ddd2-4e18-8eef-2ba1f76bd7de" id="e6cb0544-8be8-4c9b-8f51-a32f9a49a73e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="82418ab8-a729-433f-bc99-06d8582339eb" id="06d836e0-8824-458e-b708-37017ec3ff35"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="83f5d907-cd8d-4150-9151-53b70d1309a8" id="c4414217-5272-4cf3-9102-2e21a91cc736"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ea2fe597-5c9c-4b00-a331-7d3211290869" id="6297bac2-8b97-4597-99fd-2cacd3afd1a7">but</gs></gs></gs></gs> delicious.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"> BLACK PEPPER SNACKS</span></h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">What would you need</span></h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">1-potatoes</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">2-salt</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">3-pepper grinned</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">4-<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c02e7e51-6dc2-4785-a765-ee4493acdff8" id="13d405be-ddb8-49c8-9a40-3907a3dfa506"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="23bcc9d1-54e0-4bc3-803e-7fe19068a9cf" id="22af0c84-95df-46ad-bba6-bbedc17f2c92"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="363d3810-66e4-494a-bfdf-eac3360adbe8" id="1b5092a8-560b-40c0-9199-bcd649c918d6"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="882f2d28-1e8f-46f6-adcf-c6a373d2c200" id="c9446178-890a-4d5d-baf3-13d926badd30">egg</gs></gs></gs></gs></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">5-corn starch</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <br /> <h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><b>HERE IS IT </b></span></h3> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">First of all beat the egg until you see bubbles over it<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d05304f-3867-483d-acd5-0eb06dceeabf" id="ca423415-631b-43c5-8645-ba6253ccb369"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c9fdbe3-0ea0-4151-811f-6f1d76c5eb1b" id="ba2f163f-be45-4c4e-a65d-1b13b780a9eb"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b18fedb4-4bfe-4461-bbfb-91bc8fe2f47e" id="c610dac9-07c8-4477-ad1a-85fae54d175e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c71b899-4fc3-4a89-a907-59f6e8361bb1" id="05fd0963-71e7-422d-9ba5-ec30414b9c52">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Then take some corn starch and mix egg with it so that it becomes a thick paste<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d05304f-3867-483d-acd5-0eb06dceeabf" id="7df948df-1c1b-48d2-ae28-d70c03b83b97"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c9fdbe3-0ea0-4151-811f-6f1d76c5eb1b" id="444f8b23-50a0-4804-8ae3-dd65485cdf50"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b18fedb4-4bfe-4461-bbfb-91bc8fe2f47e" id="859e3658-c496-4a77-8557-922c72828cb0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c71b899-4fc3-4a89-a907-59f6e8361bb1" id="67833d22-8217-44f4-b92e-2f478e6ef5a3">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Now pour some salt over the potatoes and apply <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d05304f-3867-483d-acd5-0eb06dceeabf" id="6ccfd92e-d8aa-4b6a-b060-7ef74aa2caec"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c9fdbe3-0ea0-4151-811f-6f1d76c5eb1b" id="72264dcd-1a84-48f9-8779-51e9677a24eb"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b18fedb4-4bfe-4461-bbfb-91bc8fe2f47e" id="839f5205-a9d2-48bd-8ef4-fb44ae762669"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c71b899-4fc3-4a89-a907-59f6e8361bb1" id="72990b46-d2ac-4a73-a42e-ea7d20169ea3">paste</gs></gs></gs></gs> and mix them hard<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d05304f-3867-483d-acd5-0eb06dceeabf" id="08f59137-5ef8-4a21-88ee-bcfa18a16779"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c9fdbe3-0ea0-4151-811f-6f1d76c5eb1b" id="84e3c584-f53b-4ab2-8145-03dc47077d42"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b18fedb4-4bfe-4461-bbfb-91bc8fe2f47e" id="f0960793-3097-4660-bec5-dfcc80e119df"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c71b899-4fc3-4a89-a907-59f6e8361bb1" id="c4c1634f-4fd9-4dcf-b162-2564e4eabcfb">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Quickly without wasting your time pour them in oil and let them cook until they are soft and crunchy<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d05304f-3867-483d-acd5-0eb06dceeabf" id="2aa192f6-8938-44e3-9acf-0dba6452e044"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c9fdbe3-0ea0-4151-811f-6f1d76c5eb1b" id="b611063d-5801-43b5-a542-b9a612717407"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b18fedb4-4bfe-4461-bbfb-91bc8fe2f47e" id="fca7c8a5-d849-4299-9dd8-114d374752d0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1c71b899-4fc3-4a89-a907-59f6e8361bb1" id="24661bef-ddcc-4211-92f0-c53d7a397974">.</gs></gs></gs></gs>Pour some pepper on them and surf them with ketchup and yogurt.</span><br /> <h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br />CONCLUSION</span></h2> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">I HOPE YOU ENJOYED MY RECIPES WRITTEN IN EASY AND SHORT MANNER.NOW GIVE THEM A TRY AND BELIEVE ME YOU WILL BE SAY HMM YUMMY!!!</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">THANKS AND DON`T FORGET TO COMMENT!</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> </div>

Three Kinds Of Super Delicious French Fries (Crunchy and Soft)

Hi guys today I am going to tell you some secrets behind delicious french fries that only top chef know so make sur...

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OSI Reference Model

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div style="text-align: left;"> </div> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /><br />OSI Reference Model:</span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">For a networking student and beginners first and foremost important thing to understand how LAN and WAN works they first have to study complete model of a basic general network, OSI model is complete interactive way to learn different stages of network and how data flows across entire network when and where different protocols come into play, to learn all basics about network you first have to study OSI Model.<br /><br /><br />In this post we will discuss about OSI model and its diffrent stages very briefly.<br /><br /><br />OSI stands for open system interconnection model. In 1984, the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model was approved as an international standard for communications architecture. Term “open” denotes the ability to connect any two systems which conform to the reference model and related standards.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b>Definition:</b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> OSI model is a conceptual model for distributed applications and networking protocols.This model defines the framework networking used for the implementation of the protocols present in Seven layers.The seven layers of OSI model is given in the above image . Now i discussed all these layers in detail.<br /><br /><br />Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3 concerned with the Network Administrator related .<br /><br />Layer 4, Layer 5, Layer 6 and Layer 7 concerned with the System Administrator related.</span> <br /> <br /> <br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-N_nOCQNNC1F1mSevciIQHnYv0il5L1T7LJNf_5Gvuija7-SMy7KSgyrumdRJi1ZCJb5vKJIhNo1lvJ421A9f1VSpyQ2CRJOIAMiuaC7cIvN2dbXaeP4zMqVDTzoL2ArmdivQShybqrM/s1600/OSI+Model.png"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-N_nOCQNNC1F1mSevciIQHnYv0il5L1T7LJNf_5Gvuija7-SMy7KSgyrumdRJi1ZCJb5vKJIhNo1lvJ421A9f1VSpyQ2CRJOIAMiuaC7cIvN2dbXaeP4zMqVDTzoL2ArmdivQShybqrM/s640/OSI+Model.png" /></a> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><br />Seven Layers of OSI Reference Model </b></span><br /> <br /> <br /><b><u><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: x-large;">1. Application Layer: </span></u></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">This layer is close to the user and provides networks services to the user's application.FTP, SMTP, HTTP etr. (protocols are used in this layer). Word Processing , Spreadsheet Programs are example of these applications e.g. Hello Message sent.</span><br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Application are of two types: </span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">1. Desktop Application</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">2. Network Application</span><br /><br /><b style="font-size: x-large;">Desktop Application</b><br /> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br />“Provides interface between user and computer”<br />Example:- VLC Player, Microsoft Word etc.<br /></span><br /> <div> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Network Application</span></b></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">“Provides interface between user and Internet”</span><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Example:-Yahoo message in internet, CV.doc desktop to internet(Any word file) etc.</span><br /><br /><br /><b><u><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">2.Presentation Layer:</span></u></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Presentation Layer serves as a translator between the application and the network and Simply data are in computer understandable form Manages data encryption ,decryption and compression e.g. Hello message sent Examples :- JPEG, MPEG, ASCII, HTML etc.</span><br /> <div> <br /><br /><b><u><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">3.Session Layer:</span></u></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"> This layer defines how to start, control and end conversations (called sessions) between applications Virtual session create between host and server . e.g. hotmail page through session then server available or not Examples :- SQL, ASP(AppleTalk Session Protocol),</span><br /> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) etc.</span><br /><br /><br /><b><u><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">4. Transport layer:</span></u></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">This layer regulates information flow to guarantee end-to-end connectivity between host applications reliably and accurately. Major properties of this layer are Data Segmentation, Flow Control and Error Control , Data rate, Speed , Bandwidth and Cock rate measured ,Rate of transmission is determined in this layer . TCP , UDP protocol implement in this layer ,TCP connection Oriented Protocol & UDP connection Less Protocol.</span><br /><br /><br /><b><u><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">5. Network </span></u></b><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;">Network layer provides logical addressing and best path , Network layer is just like a post office , In post office sorting and distribution of letters. Similarly, in network layer data are sorting own the basis of IP addresses. IP protocol also implement in this layer . There are two protocol categories exist in it :</span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"> 1.Routing Protocols 2. Routed Protocols</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <b style="font-size: x-large;">Routing Protocols</b><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">“Routing Protocols are those protocols which provides the best path for destination end”</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <b style="font-size: x-large;">Routed Protocols</b><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">“Routed Protocols are those protocols which deliver the data on the destination place ”</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">OR</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">“Data Career”</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <b style="font-size: x-large;">Routing </b><span style="font-size: large;">can be categorized:- 1. Static Routing 2. Dynamic Routing</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <b style="font-size: x-large;">Static Routing </b><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">No Protocols implement in it and It itself do administrative work</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <b style="font-size: x-large;">Dynamic Routing </b><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">Protocols implement such as OSPF, RIP etc. Protocols works in it.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Important points:- </span></b><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> IP(IPV4) address are 32 bits(4 bytes)</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> e.g. 192.168.1.1</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">IP are routed protocols/ Data careers and IP address is an identifier(Network device identify).</span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">IPV6 address are 128 bits  Routers device used in this layer</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>6. Data Link Layer:</u></b></span><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;">In data link layers frames of data are transmitted from the same network segments between computers.eg. Point to point Protocol , Ethernet and Frame relay etc .Data Link Layer are divided in to two sub layers MAC (Media Access Control ) Layer(Medium established) . LLC (Logical Link Control ) Layer(Link provide to physical layer.</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>7. Physical Layer:</u></b></span><br /> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: large;"> Physical layer is Implementation of standards without software(Only H/W used) e.g. Cables , Hub, connectors(RJ-45) are used It Control data Transmission mode and bit synchronization and it is bottom most layer but layer 1 considered the most important and basic layer in OSI model, its also called media layer or medium layer. If you don't have medium in you network then all other processing is just waste of time. In this layer we understand behaviour of medium , its bandwidth, noise etc</span><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>

OSI Reference Model

OSI Reference Model: For a networking student and beginners first and foremost important thing to understand how LAN and WAN...

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Impulse Commutation in Thyristors

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Before Starting to study Impulse study first we revise the concept of Commutation, that what is commutation and its different types names and then we will move on to Impulse Commutation and its circuit and working, Ners can skip this introduction part about commutation.</span></div> <div> <b><u><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>Commutation <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="40d5faae-2e67-43be-81c1-64fc8b0c6fcd" id="961c0959-4604-4616-bab3-443d266f9a91"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="e38340c5-753c-4fd9-a376-88309224d26f" id="38c338b7-e5dd-4358-90bd-436297b77a2c">(</gs></gs>Turning OFF):</u></b></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">It is a process of turning off a <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="09647eba-a906-4469-9cfd-ae154ac84f68" id="25b8f94d-4ec7-449f-a521-45bbff443043"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="2deddd2b-17d1-471c-99c3-db077d3861b6" id="d20cba35-5312-4db9-b3ae-7689bb14c122"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f259c36f-0eee-4ba3-ac65-4675b306e659" id="5f1b7da1-5a4b-4667-b75a-85497d542b01"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="04e26a37-4068-4237-92ff-8d4e09397584" id="c56a9281-815d-4468-a213-6d500fd6113a">thyristor</gs></gs></gs></gs> and it is normally done in such a way that Load Current transfers to another part of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="09647eba-a906-4469-9cfd-ae154ac84f68" id="977e500b-c730-4dca-a5b5-fb41a429f6b7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="2deddd2b-17d1-471c-99c3-db077d3861b6" id="2978b771-b6b3-4812-a1ee-ee0565f840c8"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f259c36f-0eee-4ba3-ac65-4675b306e659" id="9fb6d105-c58c-44fc-8b92-07893bd45a79"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="04e26a37-4068-4237-92ff-8d4e09397584" id="ba736a3d-dd82-4e67-8520-a654839a29ac">circuit</gs></gs></gs></gs>.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>Types of Commutation:</u></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are many types of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6cd70e37-f126-41cf-be03-318fb947eb68" id="691ecf72-d288-4bfe-8ca6-685b72220538"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="052c15f5-8803-4501-9ff8-c63ee3ae052f" id="d7673257-3fbc-4113-8841-abc3e4b843ee"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f7568f43-a8e1-45a1-a1f1-e0ecc1bfe4f8" id="8bd52225-4803-4e9c-945d-3a41f2dd253d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b5190226-8c1a-480e-9698-1f319fc9b8d5" id="bc024cf0-3b05-4e6d-82a7-5cc000d9add3">commutation it</gs></gs></gs></gs> is broadly classified into two types</span></div> <div> <ol> <li><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Natural <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="362a0fdd-6bff-42c2-b4dd-488fcb35e239" id="d4f23ace-27e0-4982-a237-d0b9ab4fd165"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1279ef55-61fd-4520-b8f4-94a348174102" id="768d64aa-a1fa-40c5-90fc-705f185859ec"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c4bcf8e0-723c-4b40-9ddb-89f51416f875" id="d6d871a8-5cbf-455f-b1c5-accde9c731b3"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="46073b37-0610-40e8-a274-2ef67baaad29" id="acd75a89-4006-44d5-b424-2ef9d6652409">Commutaion</gs></gs></gs></gs></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Forced commutation</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">               Forced is further divided in<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1055c457-bfb2-40c2-bf71-42a11e3620c4" id="b124b966-2b7c-4c27-9473-89cb6c00d76a">to</gs> two types</span></div> </div> <div> <ul style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.2px;"> <li><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">               Resonant</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;">               Impulse Commutation</span></li> </ul> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></div> </div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">So now you have an idea about commutation as a whole process, now we will discuss the working of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a828d056-bd97-4f4b-8797-fc74ddb6f9c9" id="e5f6ac1c-9f40-4308-9f2b-bb31cd078bff"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="118bdfa2-eb8b-4494-9b6f-5f02fa57ce29" id="e7c4032f-a90c-4253-aa52-6b7addcb154f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="e92d92f1-dc0a-4806-9ff3-2d2306dad6e2" id="3fa56037-da2a-446d-8590-4dabda5a8a1a">Impulse Commutation circuit</gs></gs></gs>.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: x-large; line-height: 19.2px;"><u><b>Impulse Commutation:</b></u></span></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimTgMpeAXXwgkWr3H86De-OjZG9_UB4EQ4iuSzSGSvJw94Vz7L5YldChBtigcUjmhW8IGyLrpavlBgpg9amRDVFWk3FjiJnU4ooxYTiDjABopN6D0B4ox4xPQSXZuqBkBVGu63MvvbUZBu/s1600/impulse+comm.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimTgMpeAXXwgkWr3H86De-OjZG9_UB4EQ4iuSzSGSvJw94Vz7L5YldChBtigcUjmhW8IGyLrpavlBgpg9amRDVFWk3FjiJnU4ooxYTiDjABopN6D0B4ox4xPQSXZuqBkBVGu63MvvbUZBu/s320/impulse+comm.JPG" width="320" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; line-height: 19.2px;">First talk about circuit of impulse commutation, circuit contains three <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="fba69398-2184-4be6-aa83-b10bc699c124" id="46ff52ee-ddad-4aa3-b2b1-0d5eb9c3517e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f2063f95-91de-4976-8ceb-695beaff99b0" id="959aec26-c57a-459e-aeca-4477dcfae353">thyristor</gs></gs> T1, T2 and T3</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;">One freewheeling diode</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;">One Inductor</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d0db5155-f0c2-4b7d-aa9e-e5825088b5ab" id="8f0372fa-6871-4f11-8c83-c92d547b075c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="358a18ec-caaf-4fd5-9a80-2a13346ccf42" id="dff6d070-b182-40ed-a869-0596b75a5b19">and</gs></gs> obviously source and load.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="89abd05a-d07e-42eb-b8b6-b7fdc8a1884f">Working</gs> principle of impulse commutation circuit <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="d18d625a-b048-4ab4-932e-54ff6f279ef5">starts</gs> with an assumption that capacitor is initially charged to a voltage negative Vout with polarity shown across Capacitor, let us assume that main Thyristor T1 is initially conducting and carrying the load current when <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="dcddbed5-bd37-49be-beca-7b5de4bb8e3a"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c4f8efc-8b18-45ee-9c3c-b0863385b57b" id="ad91858c-a49d-4d74-8133-ce8e1654a31a">auxillary</gs></gs> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="6618a248-2714-45f3-9134-f7aae2e4a2fd"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c4f8efc-8b18-45ee-9c3c-b0863385b57b" id="eb65880e-6243-4c4e-ace5-7f9ff5f12f26">thyristor</gs></gs> T2 is fired, then main <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="c35c7818-d5c0-49ab-afdc-c84b032c395f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c4f8efc-8b18-45ee-9c3c-b0863385b57b" id="a2eb823e-20ad-48c0-b5e4-aff89b34e95b">thyristor</gs></gs> T1 is reverse biased due to <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="a56dd16f-e7f8-4a5c-8faf-592b976b22c1"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c4f8efc-8b18-45ee-9c3c-b0863385b57b" id="a2a03f34-f338-4036-bf39-f54340ba18e6">negativ</gs></gs> voltages is <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="4b0fcdab-f058-46d5-99e9-575454762e27"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c4f8efc-8b18-45ee-9c3c-b0863385b57b" id="6d658be8-7bcb-4c8a-b5c6-246df01806ca">devolped</gs></gs> across its anode and cathode due to negatively charged Capacitor, T2 will carry a load current which in turn <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc7d200a-4283-4a83-928d-2ad6755e86c4" id="a5273079-9ce6-4797-919c-6c11649a0375"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c4f8efc-8b18-45ee-9c3c-b0863385b57b" id="6a70c40a-37a6-462b-b905-877a19c2e460">duscharges</gs></gs> the capacitor from negative to zero and then charge it from zero to positive voltages.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;">Therefore T2 will be turned off on its own once <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="4bbf0627-14b5-47b3-a38c-b0b256a1b24e" id="6c58d029-7f21-4c80-8cda-75dda441080c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="76a5dbc2-fa65-4533-95bc-39dd7953de5b" id="a283291f-fe24-439f-b471-3174c42648e8">capacitor</gs></gs> is fully charged from zero to positive voltages, <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="4bbf0627-14b5-47b3-a38c-b0b256a1b24e" id="4eb6d268-dc33-4a4f-aa2d-24de1be59984"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="76a5dbc2-fa65-4533-95bc-39dd7953de5b" id="3f1a6cc4-f481-4650-b72d-7bc2ca48d4b5">now</gs></gs> charge reversal of capacitor is done by third Thyristor T3 which is placed in resonant Loop. Once T3 is fired and <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6a85e05d-615f-4edf-a2df-951a3b02c826" id="1b8702d3-dfe1-4c1c-978f-5f1398614319"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d12b6cb0-0500-468a-b5a4-ff78cee2295b" id="297c24cd-b457-4558-a54c-7711a6257617">circuit</gs></gs> will resonate at <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6a85e05d-615f-4edf-a2df-951a3b02c826" id="49bf8f98-e562-471e-aea0-847e05684d86"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="d12b6cb0-0500-468a-b5a4-ff78cee2295b" id="fe5228e5-cca2-47b0-8493-099a719fc58b">particular frequency</gs></gs> and capacitor will be charged negatively. Discharging time of Capacitor depends on the load current and by assuming a constant load current discharge time  <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1a05c5eb-af29-484b-be99-ff4f04deac71" id="14d35d99-3e95-4aaa-8eeb-bbe3ab891ca2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1cb22a06-8f2c-48e2-ae5b-a3884bb38932" id="a0543e32-2f89-40e2-962c-701433185e78">tq</gs></gs> an be calculated by means of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1a05c5eb-af29-484b-be99-ff4f04deac71" id="7f5cae68-aba2-41f0-8533-3c2bd343f130"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1cb22a06-8f2c-48e2-ae5b-a3884bb38932" id="b6349e08-aef4-416a-b714-6fbf875de051">capacitor voltage equation</gs></gs>.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">         ic= C <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc479b95-9158-4bf5-a0b2-713f28db8406" id="040224b5-51b9-4c16-b9e6-1e2163bcc807"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="fa66c423-30ac-429d-814d-0eed432e573f" id="0ed59992-32c5-4b09-8e36-864d3cf4e29f">dV</gs></gs>/<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dc479b95-9158-4bf5-a0b2-713f28db8406" id="07e0a190-60ff-46fd-a669-6a2d906b0a98"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="fa66c423-30ac-429d-814d-0eed432e573f" id="418a813d-3d44-4fec-81d6-ad6242b0a76e">dt</gs></gs></span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">         Vc= C </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; font-size: 22.4px; text-align: center;">∫ <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="291f8cb6-f1a9-41a3-926c-54393435b7e5" id="3ffcb181-372c-4cdb-a5e1-724a8fa6e1b3"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="4be65f6c-ce08-4cd3-a8f0-b92f453dee3c" id="5c7dbbdd-0eae-4013-81b4-e3a5f36d64ae">i</gs></gs> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="291f8cb6-f1a9-41a3-926c-54393435b7e5" id="9a415d88-1dc6-41a6-af78-c72f2c33f158"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="4be65f6c-ce08-4cd3-a8f0-b92f453dee3c" id="49df4e60-f23f-46ca-bf23-bc55cc1edb81">dt</gs></gs></span><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span style="font-size: 22.4px;"><br /></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="color: #222222; font-family: Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span style="font-size: 22.4px;">        V= 1/C </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; font-size: 22.4px; text-align: center;">∫ Im dt</span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; font-size: 22.4px; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; font-size: 22.4px; text-align: center;">          = <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="67e51269-0a19-4409-b83c-14150b0bcf9d" id="9acba7b3-3b48-456f-ac80-4e2d59cd9dc5"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3683fc56-f39e-4e4d-a387-86a50f5aa541" id="c272f8e1-8657-4bff-9133-8ab8d7f0c01b">Im</gs></gs>/C x <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="67e51269-0a19-4409-b83c-14150b0bcf9d" id="c06effed-cd01-4a01-a96d-bf4425d84f40"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3683fc56-f39e-4e4d-a387-86a50f5aa541" id="c15a159b-ab28-4bb3-b78a-cc08a62cc710">tq</gs></gs></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; font-size: 22.4px; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode'; font-size: 22.4px; text-align: center;">            tq= V xC /Im</span></div> <span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span><span style="line-height: 19.2px;">Please Leave Feedback and ask anything if you have <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f2ae410e-f66b-4649-b66a-895a19492f24" id="1d29c544-44f0-4433-a94b-04f7567553d0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="069c2cc7-2378-416b-8bf4-130b9c67a7ac" id="53ff1be8-e727-4118-be02-5c98f210a471">query</gs></gs>.</span> <span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><br /></span></span></div> </div>

Impulse Commutation in Thyristors

Before Starting to study Impulse study first we revise the concept of Commutation, that what is commutation and its different types nam...

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All About Thyristors--Power Electronics

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span> </span></div> <br /> <div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </div> <br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><br /> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Thyristor_circuit_symbol.svg/190px-Thyristor_circuit_symbol.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Thyristor_circuit_symbol.svg/190px-Thyristor_circuit_symbol.svg.png" /></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Basic Symbol for Thyristor.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><br /></b></gs></gs></span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><br /></b></gs></gs></span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><br /></b></gs></gs></span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b></b></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b></b></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b></b></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b></b></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b></b></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="821e066b-8314-4fbb-adb5-5c5767e8db4a" id="68d36925-cca3-496b-87a9-3816ae332e85"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b>T</b></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c7d9d6c2-275b-404b-821e-edb85d37aa67" id="254d9730-2339-4c20-8e3e-57550333200e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c9b88af-fc16-456e-bcd4-31fb8448d93c" id="88246766-5ef9-415f-b9e3-46e2c4a87a5c">hyristor</gs></b></gs></gs></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c7d9d6c2-275b-404b-821e-edb85d37aa67" id="254d9730-2339-4c20-8e3e-57550333200e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c9b88af-fc16-456e-bcd4-31fb8448d93c" id="88246766-5ef9-415f-b9e3-46e2c4a87a5c"></gs></b></gs></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c7d9d6c2-275b-404b-821e-edb85d37aa67" id="254d9730-2339-4c20-8e3e-57550333200e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c9b88af-fc16-456e-bcd4-31fb8448d93c" id="88246766-5ef9-415f-b9e3-46e2c4a87a5c"></gs></b></gs></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c7d9d6c2-275b-404b-821e-edb85d37aa67" id="254d9730-2339-4c20-8e3e-57550333200e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c9b88af-fc16-456e-bcd4-31fb8448d93c" id="88246766-5ef9-415f-b9e3-46e2c4a87a5c"></gs></b></gs></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c7d9d6c2-275b-404b-821e-edb85d37aa67" id="254d9730-2339-4c20-8e3e-57550333200e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c9b88af-fc16-456e-bcd4-31fb8448d93c" id="88246766-5ef9-415f-b9e3-46e2c4a87a5c"></gs></b></gs></gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c7d9d6c2-275b-404b-821e-edb85d37aa67" id="254d9730-2339-4c20-8e3e-57550333200e"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1b2f2578-43a4-4f4b-b406-9e8e210462f7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="267f3b75-1b7b-47e7-a222-8fda3420d95e"><b><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0c9b88af-fc16-456e-bcd4-31fb8448d93c" id="88246766-5ef9-415f-b9e3-46e2c4a87a5c"></gs></b></gs></gs> </gs>is a four Layer and three Junction Silicon Controlled Device. After it is turned <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1412d79e-9c47-4955-b1bd-ed6ed77be5cc" id="8cb793ba-a3a6-4e0b-9b0e-738a784b99e6">on it</gs> acts as normal diode, <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="447d94d8-33d5-4957-b918-88e505ce3e53" id="1db25a8c-61b0-4241-a815-6041f981517b"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="87d0a3ac-0245-4fb1-aed7-b9d80d42b4d6" id="be59e78f-3cb9-4d2b-92fa-0a767521a939">Thyristor</gs></gs> has two stable <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="447d94d8-33d5-4957-b918-88e505ce3e53" id="984d8ee8-49f0-4922-b461-8747068dd782"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="87d0a3ac-0245-4fb1-aed7-b9d80d42b4d6" id="ff4b02e0-f596-4c4b-b50c-0a8d03e6981c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1412d79e-9c47-4955-b1bd-ed6ed77be5cc" id="e7cfc42f-7fe9-4e2d-92f6-4b081c84d6c3">Swtching</gs></gs></gs> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="447d94d8-33d5-4957-b918-88e505ce3e53" id="246e2720-6c99-484c-8221-6bf25c86c5ae"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="87d0a3ac-0245-4fb1-aed7-b9d80d42b4d6" id="06b85dce-0b6b-42fe-a56c-f9b21fb39ccc">states namely</gs></gs>:</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="eb582bc5-4bae-4558-995a-f664c68e69fd" id="8f8b9625-4db1-4ef8-92e1-80e567fa48ab"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="475cfbb4-acec-4e90-8377-9f3e7a607774" id="e8384489-cbf8-4ae7-bfeb-54dd96954a24"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1064917b-6746-492b-991e-ec22bdce5499" id="81a7eb79-4130-44b2-9e75-cb00ab0cbb2b">i</gs></gs></gs>- ON State</span></span><br /> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="8b88f78f-9673-4404-9955-40c748297cb2" id="521f475c-e461-4c39-bcf7-cce74996223c"> </gs> <br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img height="89" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Thyristor.svg/490px-Thyristor.svg.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="320" /></span></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">As you can see it is made from connecting to </span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">PN Junction or it can</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Also be made from a PNP and A NPN transistor</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="8b19166c-537a-4619-9a64-943b874a2cd3" id="76d7fa89-ba18-4a24-8f7f-32752dbb168f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3f743fae-78e4-44bd-b6c4-b49ea56ef711" id="fe456e7f-0aba-4bbc-9f26-9780081137a7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c3ae7d41-77f8-4a21-8438-5f416008ae7b" id="35cba838-7fc3-441a-8d96-160fdef88505">ii</gs></gs></gs>- OFF State</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span> <span style="font-size: large;">Types of Thyristor: <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b7a66868-d98f-4bb4-82d7-4e88327b25a3" id="897f4665-c741-48d4-a6f0-888176732573">(</gs>In terms of Direction<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b7a66868-d98f-4bb4-82d7-4e88327b25a3" id="0a564c40-3d08-47af-85e0-d26bceb5890e">)</gs>:</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">There are two types of Thyristors in terms of Direction of current flowing through them</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> </span><br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Unidirectional</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Bidirectional (TRIAC)</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Unidirectional Thyristors <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f509d2f8-6a21-4dcc-af88-cf286b9ecd10" id="48cc246f-a392-455a-b45e-def2ba47ed70"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b569cdfc-0189-44da-bd4c-9698e3ffa9da" id="db3b6514-792f-4227-9e9e-7daf2fde55d0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c9212c95-e77b-452e-93d7-db048ae84729" id="cfee0989-3055-443d-842b-da76d1241d67"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="35488464-974b-48a5-b149-9079e1b49011" id="d3c56d88-8867-4041-9df5-42d49260b758">are Further Divided</gs></gs></gs></gs> into two types:</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">LASCR (Light activated Silicon Controlled Rectifier)</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">We will only be discussing SCRs and their Turn ON and Turn OFF Techniques in this post.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf5f9416-b974-4acb-91bc-9bae6444f699" id="a82b7bd1-0440-4779-99e7-b292084e2e7c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="b50b42da-a74b-4916-862d-e792628d6b87" id="24b06a08-986a-47f3-9a9b-1ff7595a3d94"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="8e6a88aa-1a27-40a1-936a-afed943e244c" id="1f073aef-4d69-4055-8aab-f585bb0f1c13"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="ee709880-2b90-45c6-9dc6-0e1418a634a9" id="e7ee25b1-c4a2-40cf-8fcf-53c37772640d">Sillicon</gs></gs></gs></gs> Controlled Rectifier:</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thyristor_layers.svg/94px-Thyristor_layers.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Thyristor_layers.svg/94px-Thyristor_layers.svg.png" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">SCR is Three Terminal <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a2c70578-f479-44a5-b47b-60d1172e3732" id="765430f9-e2a5-499e-af43-0770ab604595"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="58822f11-2652-4fb8-aa19-b47a21416fe7" id="c34115e2-d466-465d-bce1-af252a816943"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0bdbdf04-1c7d-46c4-9adf-90e00d445e4b" id="e3b64881-da0a-4a9a-8af9-d36718a99cdb"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dd17b7ab-23dd-4140-b553-4f4300418dea" id="98449989-b400-48a7-89ea-7df919ae03d7">device namely</gs></gs></gs></gs> Anode, Cathode and Gate. When Anode voltage is More Positive with respect to  Cathode <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="86d95d59-d4fb-4513-b285-cddc18bbaf50" id="6defdc1c-8be5-4d6a-830f-89dadc6c82c8"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="54d022d2-c817-4608-89fa-ae95cf46f7d5" id="34b55c44-2a97-4986-8fb5-3d2159dd3415">then</gs></gs> J1 and J3 Junctions will be forward Biased where J2 will be Reverse Biased.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">There will be slight Leakage Current, This stage of SCR is called Forward Blocking State or Leakage State.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">If Anode to Cathode voltage is increased significantly <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cb0ac270-5a06-4928-8b0d-e3bd3ae181f1" id="6ab14922-463f-4854-b534-27c9525494c7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="15838dfc-1289-46d2-823f-e037ad6673bd" id="e4e5dbfd-08e8-4866-9336-722bc3456499">to</gs></gs> Larger value J2 will break down and Current will start flowing, This State of SCR is called Forward Breakdown State.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> </span><br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody> <tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Thyristor_I-V_diagram.svg/374px-Thyristor_I-V_diagram.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="235" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Thyristor_I-V_diagram.svg/374px-Thyristor_I-V_diagram.svg.png" width="320" /></span></a></td></tr> <tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: small;">On <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="aeb8f56f-4488-4ced-80ea-a3dad1fd2d0c" id="c5ddeb96-89a8-44e5-a190-f12e86167257"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="523f14b1-37a0-4c44-9d98-b24c49a2ee61" id="1bd09e82-bbba-4890-8c85-dea9bd65f5b1">Negative x-axis</gs></gs> is called Reverse Characteristics<br />Positive X-axis <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="8f1db752-58a6-49ed-a57a-9c9e92f43e25" id="652ff5da-1c1c-4d1c-b22b-6d397083b8f2"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="098baa7f-2f15-408b-a3ca-6b685d6564fd" id="2dc24f33-d9e7-4db0-ba62-b729312ceba2">are</gs></gs> Forward Characteristics</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">As we can see the V I Characteristics of Thyristor</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3aafc033-ec7b-44e9-bbf2-285aa835d16e" id="c7bb2150-545d-4eaa-a9fd-12711a74a20d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="dacea200-cd2b-4305-b6b4-abc71fe194d0" id="5725fe89-5cf1-4e7c-8b84-818c2c442f55"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c79fe237-7659-4737-a387-ae8deac5bff1" id="6f69f99c-55af-4c35-85d8-961b4376a118">Vbo</gs></gs></gs> is Forward Breakdown Voltage</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">I'h= Holding Current</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">I L= Latching current</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">The Anode Current must be more than the value of I L i.e Latching current otherwise <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f54c291b-e7d0-4b54-9ed2-fc4119eb779f" id="6ae9e854-5205-4bd6-bf0f-909b62af686c"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="802d367b-48af-43fe-9b34-c094e18f841c" id="833075c2-925e-4bd8-b22d-f27faa5f0d1b"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="802d367b-48af-43fe-9b34-c094e18f841c" id="833075c2-925e-4bd8-b22d-f27faa5f0d1b"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="10360dbb-15e3-4819-8479-07a69c82fdd7" id="332d2d57-c74d-4be2-9ef7-8efe486cecc6"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="355cab81-443f-48f8-aef1-b0ac7ea3b432" id="4db5bf16-9e88-4614-b091-5afe5c9a82a5">device</gs></gs></gs></gs></gs> will revert to Blocking Condition, Once Thyristor starts conducting it behaves like a P-N Junction then there will be no control over the device, it will continue to conduct because there is no J2 junction, however if forward anode current is reduced below the value of Holding current than J2 will <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f54c291b-e7d0-4b54-9ed2-fc4119eb779f" id="59183492-612b-49e3-94f3-2f600ee7c217"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="802d367b-48af-43fe-9b34-c094e18f841c" id="acd6494e-212b-42a3-98de-f445264b2907"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="10360dbb-15e3-4819-8479-07a69c82fdd7" id="7b9a5a3b-af6f-4d14-a1b1-d392400e4f45"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="355cab81-443f-48f8-aef1-b0ac7ea3b432" id="6b27a81c-ace5-409a-b4a7-9ad51c07a737">devolp</gs></gs></gs></gs> again and <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="802d367b-48af-43fe-9b34-c094e18f841c" id="3e4db7b7-8d5e-4727-acd4-feb9c2f7992d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="10360dbb-15e3-4819-8479-07a69c82fdd7" id="3532f120-f7cf-420e-af89-744bf6bc8de4"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="355cab81-443f-48f8-aef1-b0ac7ea3b432" id="f9179fb6-b71b-455c-a2b8-969780f5ec79">thyristor</gs></gs></gs> will be back in blocking mode.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">Since a <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3b9ed985-1c2a-4a2d-ac1a-7ca6abfa7192" id="08ee64ed-a432-43e6-8e9b-de602ce4487f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="9a94cd56-50c8-4918-b869-0c72f1f2570d" id="2efce766-b5a9-453f-a8d9-47384c3ba413">thyristor</gs></gs> can be turn by increasing forward voltage beyond Vbo<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3b9ed985-1c2a-4a2d-ac1a-7ca6abfa7192" id="3fa999ef-eb7d-4612-98c7-a1e4a7cc24e9"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="9a94cd56-50c8-4918-b869-0c72f1f2570d" id="3de184fa-4293-4d27-879c-ac85bb815d21"> ,</gs></gs> but this type of turning on would be destructive, In practice Forward voltage is not given above <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="3b9ed985-1c2a-4a2d-ac1a-7ca6abfa7192" id="c4f0ef8d-6987-4876-86f7-eefeb4a9be54"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="9a94cd56-50c8-4918-b869-0c72f1f2570d" id="f0285476-bf76-4cda-a0b7-7208e6c72568">Vbo</gs></gs> and is turned on by applying a positive voltage between gate and cathode.</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><u>Thyristors Turn ON Techniques:</u></b></span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are following techniques through which <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6f7ee0fa-b996-4e3c-8d88-66f83351874b" id="11c25feb-2507-4d9a-834e-1b6c434f17e6"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="31122a18-fc6c-40f5-8010-aab367edd673" id="ddb6a4b7-3a4e-49e3-856b-d9a8e0dbd7a4">thyristor</gs></gs> can be turned on.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Applying Gate voltages</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Anode Voltage > Vbo</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Thermal Energy</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Large <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6af879c8-9883-47b8-a6c6-c6b24a655605" id="05fb2e18-8e51-44e7-bd49-3eb9625f3db4"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="768256a2-ab1a-4be7-8c03-b456ab9a5e7e" id="8c3bf938-8568-4eaf-adf4-cd3abbd324f3">dV</gs></gs>/<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6af879c8-9883-47b8-a6c6-c6b24a655605" id="abd47fdf-78ad-44ed-ae25-8a606c2517c5"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="768256a2-ab1a-4be7-8c03-b456ab9a5e7e" id="d3304845-9615-47fa-9339-b0b6047c6838">dt</gs></gs>.</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Optically<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f9750ff1-58d8-47a3-864d-56dec050490f" id="c1ef1764-1ce4-4fbe-970d-53a86a20dbb6"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0be7db3d-a1e4-4e96-9d05-ba2577cf4245" id="95d41e46-3e79-417b-baeb-333e549b303c">( </gs></gs><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="f9750ff1-58d8-47a3-864d-56dec050490f" id="442322a3-f975-4502-a974-47b8def6ec01"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="0be7db3d-a1e4-4e96-9d05-ba2577cf4245" id="c3d474f8-8178-4a8d-bb49-9bc9fafaa95e">Specifically in</gs></gs> LASCR)</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>Large <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="79d97cd2-84c1-4e6e-ac9f-be7547ced672" id="b7376961-23dd-4fcc-8917-a49314dfd68f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="43558195-5bcb-40ca-9e5c-eb4706024b48" id="6247b41c-6f9d-4fdc-b03b-87236cce04c3">dV</gs></gs>/<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="79d97cd2-84c1-4e6e-ac9f-be7547ced672" id="800899b4-7593-4dc8-8b20-be9496eb602d"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="43558195-5bcb-40ca-9e5c-eb4706024b48" id="751622d6-d121-401d-b83a-1b5616a75291">dt</gs></gs>:</u></b></span></div> <div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1acbf351-ba47-47da-885b-6a6a76912c26" id="36f48e66-ac8a-4e70-a47a-0f56a9ebc39f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="5d3403f3-72a7-400f-b34f-94fd9ad54b01" id="540f451c-ebfd-4ab0-8205-45fb47e9d6e0"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="a582ff29-1f67-4ccf-bacc-5bcbce9346ae" id="00d1177d-9ae4-4ecb-b461-9a207b2c9850">Large dV/dt</gs></gs></gs> will cause very High Displacement Current from Junction as we know they act as Capacitor.</span></div> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <br /> <div> <b><u><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">Commutation<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="9b0bd4a2-5c57-4a01-91c0-7bf4fd1e9126" id="df43a0fa-d37b-4b6f-b09d-623a0142ff68"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="40d5faae-2e67-43be-81c1-64fc8b0c6fcd" id="961c0959-4604-4616-bab3-443d266f9a91">(</gs></gs>Turning OFF):</span></u></b><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">It is a process of turning off a <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf86ac6b-2929-426e-97ee-f163308c71d8" id="bffda774-d673-4bb3-8a71-7e408109f761"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="09647eba-a906-4469-9cfd-ae154ac84f68" id="25b8f94d-4ec7-449f-a521-45bbff443043">thyristor</gs></gs> and it is normally done in such a way that Load Current transfers to another part of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="cf86ac6b-2929-426e-97ee-f163308c71d8" id="f0291e11-2ae9-45b4-885d-ca0c4c3d15bf"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="09647eba-a906-4469-9cfd-ae154ac84f68" id="977e500b-c730-4dca-a5b5-fb41a429f6b7">circuit</gs></gs>.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>Types of Commutation:</u></b></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">There are many types of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="78d2f568-a730-4085-a817-ffb83946c2f4" id="793b48db-0dc1-4c39-a306-7941e13f6206"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6cd70e37-f126-41cf-be03-318fb947eb68" id="691ecf72-d288-4bfe-8ca6-685b72220538">commutation it</gs></gs> is broadly classified into two types</span></div> <div> <ol style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Natural <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="6b0a6c93-0d2d-40c5-86c0-f55c4a904162" id="e43bd3be-0b9b-495a-9b85-9fdff04357ba"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="362a0fdd-6bff-42c2-b4dd-488fcb35e239" id="d4f23ace-27e0-4982-a237-d0b9ab4fd165">Commutaion</gs></gs></span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Forced commutation</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">               Forced is further divided in<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="1055c457-bfb2-40c2-bf71-42a11e3620c4" id="b124b966-2b7c-4c27-9473-89cb6c00d76a">to</gs> two types</span></div> </div> <div> <ul style="text-align: left;"> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">               Resonant</span></li> <li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">               Impulse Commutation</span></li> </ul> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> </div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <b><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><u>1- Natural Commutation:</u></span></b></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">Natural <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="f3812505-0fcf-4a15-8200-061c5beb2487"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="062c1223-80a9-47ea-9309-5dba3e2f1343" id="99969e71-ec6e-4dbc-937f-d9a6bb4bcfdb">commutaion</gs></gs> is <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="d9b062b6-4b4c-4644-8ef3-093776ebb489"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="062c1223-80a9-47ea-9309-5dba3e2f1343" id="caa507e9-e7b4-40da-b69f-44ea681450db">process</gs></gs> in which device <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="8f0499bf-b02c-4ef4-9f7d-3d7f3afd1a03"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="062c1223-80a9-47ea-9309-5dba3e2f1343" id="3129cc4b-56bc-4bd7-9ac9-3b38c5666390">turn</gs></gs> off itself by natural means like when Negative peak of AC and Thyristor is reverse <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="59df152b-4462-44cf-a08f-871adcbd7d9f"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="062c1223-80a9-47ea-9309-5dba3e2f1343" id="72007033-ea16-4ace-bf05-cb8061417ae3">biased then</gs></gs> there is no current flowing in circuit so <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="1233008b-78b1-4509-b16a-177afd16c5b7"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="062c1223-80a9-47ea-9309-5dba3e2f1343" id="256623b8-83d0-4879-8912-91756caafd36">thyristor</gs></gs> is turned off  and we <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="6d698699-a057-4d05-8d44-5da7198c59ed">have to</gs> <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="80f7dd64-7b84-45ee-898e-925c2a5d36f4">turn</gs> it on again by firing at <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="80e2f1cd-90b9-4f37-a558-e0722c8ecddf" id="8e89a3d7-514f-4af8-897c-58842a91a10b"><gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="062c1223-80a9-47ea-9309-5dba3e2f1343" id="6bdb493a-1def-44e9-85c7-20a60e20f5cb">Gate</gs></gs>.</span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;"><b><u>2- Forced Commutation:</u></b></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;">In some Application the input voltage is DC and hence there is no Zero Crossing of the current is possible. In these types of circuits the forward current of <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="fabe2a21-3cf8-43f2-8dbd-be52598dbe19" id="d3d68673-6744-4375-b6a0-f771ce29a1aa">thyristor</gs> is forced to zero by an additional circuitry<gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="fabe2a21-3cf8-43f2-8dbd-be52598dbe19" id="d208d4dd-944e-4482-91ac-8d3d59b0c295"> ,</gs> forced commutation can be <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="fabe2a21-3cf8-43f2-8dbd-be52598dbe19" id="5e9ed2bd-0b78-4daa-8503-46ba59ef6684">acheived</gs> by following methods:</span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><u><b>Resonant/ Self Commutation:</b></u></span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXT0Su3iOWhlyMiXF4DW-ag5hpauVfPYfQjlTKCJCJBs7bAytJAUBpJx2SLZJ9B_nl4fhHgP2sBAYdU8jWFiNmFqBGPhFycXdLFaodJQieC42jdhoEGnqwy_Ol8GIcBFw4-cmf-MxcMDFo/s1600/scr.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="111" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXT0Su3iOWhlyMiXF4DW-ag5hpauVfPYfQjlTKCJCJBs7bAytJAUBpJx2SLZJ9B_nl4fhHgP2sBAYdU8jWFiNmFqBGPhFycXdLFaodJQieC42jdhoEGnqwy_Ol8GIcBFw4-cmf-MxcMDFo/s200/scr.JPG" width="200" /></span></a><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;">In this circuit value of L and C must be chosen such that we <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c46c1c14-c6f3-4240-bd4a-13dcf77cd621" id="bb661858-a271-4e21-9589-e12dc66ae63f">acheive</gs> an <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c46c1c14-c6f3-4240-bd4a-13dcf77cd621" id="459971ab-5c67-4003-a51e-a2d78a1e6cb4">underdamped</gs> circuit, due to this <gs class="GINGER_SOFTWARE_mark" ginger_software_uiphraseguid="c46c1c14-c6f3-4240-bd4a-13dcf77cd621" id="b36130ec-b342-43af-9ab7-4b44fd825e98">underdamped</gs> circuit the oscillating current will start flowing and SCR will be turned off at zero Crossing.</span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">You can ask anything that you aren't able to understand. Please Give us feedback and Ask us.</span></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div> </div>

All About Thyristors--Power Electronics

Basic Symbol for Thyristor. T hyristor is a four Layer and three Junction Silicon Controlled Device. After it is turne...

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