Organic Compounds and Its classification.

                        What is Organic  Compounds

The compounds which made up from carbon and hydrogen and link with each other through covalent bond is called organic compound.

The branch of chemistry which study the hydrocarbons and its derivatives is called organic chemistry.

Methane . A simple example of Organic Compounds.

Now we classified organic compound

                      Classification of organic compounds 

All organic compound are classified into two types on the basis of carbon skeleton

1          open chain or acyclic compound

2          close chain or cyclic compound

Open chain or acyclic compound:

In open chain the molecule of a compound of carbon atom are not linked at ending point  in this way carbon atom make open chain this chain may b straight chain or branched chain Open chain are also called aliphatic compound compounds.

Close chain or cyclic compound:

In close chain the end carbon atom are not independent  it make a ring which carbon atom are link with each other.

Close chain are further divided into two type which are following

(a)    Homocyclic or carbocyclic compounds

(b)   Heterocyclic compounds

Homocyclic or carbocyclic compounds:

The compounds in which ring contain only carbon atom is called homocyclic or carbocyclic compounds these compound are further divided into two types which are followings

(a)    Aromatic compounds

(b)   Alicyclic compounds

Aromatic compounds:

Aromatic compounds are those compounds in which its molecule contain minimum one benzene ring is called aromatic compounds  one benzene ring contain six carbon atom and it contain three double bond and three single bond for example benzene

Alicyclic compounds:

 Carbocyclic compounds in which its molecule did not contain benzene ring is called alicyclic compounds  it is also called non-benzenoid compounds  for example cyclobutane and cyclohexane

 Heterocyclic compounds:

Heterocyclic compounds are those compounds in which ring contain one or two elements of atom other than carbon atom is called heterocyclic compounds.

Diversity and magnitude of organic compound:

The total element which are found today is 118 but the strength of organic compound is more than 10 million  if collect all other elements  its strength is lesser than the organic compound  organic compound are found at large scale is due to following steps

1       (catenation)

 Organic compound are found at large scale the biggest reason is that  because the carbon atom are linked with each other through a covalent bond and makes a long chain ring  this chain may b straight or branched chain

The power of carbon atom make a long chain with another carbon atom is called catenation

The elements required basic two things for performing catenation is following

(a)    The valency of elements two or more than two

(b)   The bond of element with its items is stronger than another elements especially  strong than oxygen

Electronic configuration of carbon and silicon is same  but carbon perform catenation but silicon did not perform catenation  because the energy of C-C bond is 355kJ that is more than the energy of Si-Si bond contain 200kJ . there for C-C bond is strong  another side the energy of Si-O bond is 452kJ which is more than the energy of C-O bond therefore Si-O is strong  bond and found naturally in the form of silicates or silica

Isomerism:

The organic compound is found at large scale another reason is isomerism  if the molecular formula is same but the arrangement of items in a molecule or structural formula is different of a compound is called isomerism  for example n-pentane , isopentane and , neopentane has same molecular formula but the different structural formula

Remember that by increasing the number of carbon atom in molecule the strength of isomerism is also increase  due to the isomerism the organic compound are found at large scale