Introduction of computer language

      Introduction of computer languages

Program:

Program is a set of statements that tells the computer what to do a programmer can perform many tasks through statements by a computer. A program set of symbols and words that are written in programming languages while writing a program a programmer uses the symbols and words to perform his tasks. A program written in programming language is also called source program. The extension of the source code is .c or .cpp

Introduction to Computer Languages

Programming languages

Programming languages is the set of symbols and words use to write a program.  The programming languages are the mean of communication between user and computer. A user can tell anything to the computer using programming languages

There are two types of programming languages

i.                     Low level language

ii.                   High level language

Low level language:

The low level languages are the languages that are so close to the computer hardware but far from human brain it means that computer can understand easily the low level language but human brain cannot be understand these languages easily.

There are further two types of low level languages

i.                     Machine  language

ii.                   Assembly language

Ø Machine language

It is clear thing that computer works only in machine language. Machine language is the native language of the computer system. computer understands machine language directly there is no translator use in machine language machine language is in binary form i.e. (0,1) 0 represents the off state in the computer and 1 represents the on state in the computer.  It is machine dependent it means that it depends on the machine every computer has its own machine language. If a program is written on Motorola processor it cannot be run on Intel processor because machine language depends on that processor on which program is written. The programs written in machine language are very lengthy the modification of the program is very difficult there are fewer programmer of the machine language. 

Ø Assembly language

Assembly language is a low level language it is one step higher than machine language it means that the instructions use in assembly language are English like words for example mov, add, sub if we want to move a value from one register to another then we use the “mov” statement in assembly language if we want add to variable in assembly language then we use the “add” instruction. The words which are used in assembly language called mnemonics. Assembly language is a English like words but computer understands only machine language it must be converted into machine language to run on the computer a translator used for assembly language called assembler to convert the assembly language into machine language

Ø High level language

                                                        High level language are the type of languages which are easily understandable for human brain but difficult for computer it means that is close to human language and far from computer language the programs written in high level languages are very short as compare to machine language editing and modification of the programs are very easy as compare to machine language that is why there are much programmer of the high level language. The high level languages also English like words for example printf(), scanf() and getch() these are the functions which are used in c language.

The computer cannot understand this language directly the language translators are used to convert the high level language into machine language every high level language has its own translator for example c used a translator called compiler. Compiler converts the c statements into machine language as a whole.

Examples of high level languages

C and C++

JAVA

C#

COBOL

FORTRAN

VISUAL BASIC

GW BASIC

PASCAL