March 2016

Computing Ethics

<br />

<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Computing
Ethics</span></u></b></div>
<h2 style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> Computer Ethics:</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></h2>
<h1 style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics</b><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>are very similar to the Biblical<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">commandments</b><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">. The<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">Computer Ethics Institute</b><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>came up with the first three right off the bat, namely, thou shalt not use your computer to harm others, interfere with another's work or snoop in someone else's files.</span></h1>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvqCBqwuycutte4cQDJOQs19YSSMu8Vss6npVFP-tna9_Z1iK8e0Nox5Z6tklm1OgsJflBWm-lkFPbEfUQBqjTIjM1tT9czjO6lPG6R8WjPnQWl1KuOR-uo-MG8z7jsl-bcIfbiLcGsR8/s1600/1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Computer Ethics" border="0" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvqCBqwuycutte4cQDJOQs19YSSMu8Vss6npVFP-tna9_Z1iK8e0Nox5Z6tklm1OgsJflBWm-lkFPbEfUQBqjTIjM1tT9czjO6lPG6R8WjPnQWl1KuOR-uo-MG8z7jsl-bcIfbiLcGsR8/s400/1.png" title="Computer Ethics" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Computer Ethics</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h1 style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: #222222; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;"> </span></h1>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.1 Professionalism
Takes More than Knowledge</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“Professionalism is a way of thinking and living
rather than an accumulation of learning.” Think: What does it take to be a
doctor? It’s not just by going to medical school.</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">A profession isn’t just what you do, it’s who you
are. We say that somebody “is” a doctor. Here, “doctor” is a noun (“Doctoring
the books” is something different!). Likewise, we don’t just “engineer” (verb),
we also are engineers (noun).</span></h1>
<h1 style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></h1>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A profession is
who you are, not a contract</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Shame on the engineer who regards their professional
function as a business transaction to be judged by the question: ‘Just what do
I get out of it?’”</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What “professions” have a reputation for being self-centered
and selfish?</span></h2>
<h2 style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Life as a professional:
activities</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You perform “professional activity of a type carrying high
individual responsibility, requiring application of special skills to
activities that are predominantly intellectual and varied rather than routine
and normal.”</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How are an engineer’s activities “varied”?</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Life as a professional: motivation</span></b></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Motivation for service takes first place over consideration
of reward.”</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Life as a professional: joy and pride</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Motivation … implies joy and pride in the work to be done,
and self-imposed standards.”If you don’t take joy and pride in computer
science, then you should look for another line of work.Companies and customers
are also entitled to impose (secondary) standards of excellence. </span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Life as a professional: social duty</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; tab-stops: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You have a “social duty, fulfilled through guarding the
ideals and standards of the profession, by advancing it …, by sharing advances
…, by rendering gratuitous public service, all as a return to society.”“Giving
back” to society</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.2 Four
traits of a professional</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Varied activities
requiring special skills</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Society-centric
motivation</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Personal
standards of excellence</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Giving back to
society</span></h2>
<h2 style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">When you put many
professionals together, what do you have?</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">A profession isn’t just defined by who you are. A profession is also
something you are part of. “Most professional software engineers adopt an
institutional view of the organizations of the profession: they perceive them
as bodies representing the profession and therefore deserving, even requiring,
the loyalty of each software engineer as an expression of his identity as a
professional software engineer.”</span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Part of being a
professional is behaving ethically</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">“Ethics means something more than ‘law’ and ‘morals’; it carries an
additional connotation of ‘rightness’.”</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breaking the law:
can earn a fine or jail time</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breaking a moral:
can ruin your reputation</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Breaking an ethic:
can ruin your conscience</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">It’s possible to break all three, simultaneously!</span></h2>
<h1 style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></b></h1>
<h1 style="margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Trait
# 1 of a professional: Seriousness</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="margin-left: 27.0pt; text-indent: -27.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Serious about job</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The job is only
a job.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>A means to an end</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 2 of a professional: Wanting
to do better</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Exhibit a never-ending quest to improve their
performance in every variable, every project, every relationship, and every
detail.</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 3 of a professional: Dealing
with the Unexpected</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Stuff happens,
things change, and the true professional rises to the occasion</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 4 of a professional:
Communication Skills</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Clear</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Concise </span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Confident</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 5 of a professional:
Enthusiasm</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Attitude is
everything.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Those who exhibit enthusiasm
for what they do and greet each day with a positive attitude inevitably become
a leader</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 6 of a professional:
Helpfulness</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Understand that
real success in the workplace requires teamwork</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Always ready to
lend a hand</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Make a suggestion </span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Offer a
compliment when it’s deserved</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 7 of a professional: Taking
the Initiative</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Takes the
initiative to get things done </span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 8 of a professional: Cool
under Pressure</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Level headed and
calm</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cheerful
demeanor-even under stressful times</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 9 of a professional: Remains
Focused</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Stay focused on
the task at hand and the goal ahead</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Navigate through
obstacles or setbacks but never lose sight of where they headed</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Trait # 10 of a professional: Don’t
Follow, Lead</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">True
Professionals aren’t faint of heart</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Analyze the
situation and willing to take new paths and try new solutions</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">That’s why they
call it LEADERSHIP!</span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Laws vs Morals vs
Ethics</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Speeding
on Motorway </span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illegal, moral (“everyone” does it),
maybe ethical</span></h3>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Speeding within
city</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illegal, immoral,
unethical</span></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">What might a
software engineer do that is…</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Illegal, immoral,
unethical ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Legal, immoral,
unethical ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Legal, moral,
unethical ?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.3 IEEE
Code of Ethics: Actions</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1. PUBLIC -
Software engineers shall act consistently with the public interest.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2. CLIENT AND
EMPLOYER - Software engineers shall act in a manner that is in the best
interests of their client and employer consistent with the public interest.</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IEEE Code of Ethics: Products</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3. PRODUCT -
Software engineers shall ensure that their products and related modifications
meet the highest professional standards possible.</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IEEE Code of Ethics: Hierarchy</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">4. JUDGMENT -
Software engineers shall maintain integrity and independence in their
professional judgment.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">5. MANAGEMENT -
Software engineering managers and leaders shall subscribe to and promote an ethical
approach to the management of software development and maintenance.</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IEEE Code of Ethics: Peers</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6. PROFESSION -
Software engineers shall advance the integrity and reputation of the profession
consistent with the public interest.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">7. COLLEAGUES -
Software engineers shall be fair to and supportive of their colleagues.</span></h2>
<h1 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">IEEE Code of Ethics: Self</span></b></h1>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">8. SELF -
Software engineers shall participate in lifelong learning regarding the
practice of their profession and shall promote an ethical approach to the
practice of the profession.</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt;">2.4
8 Principles of IEEE Code of Ethics </span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Act in public
interest</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Act in interest
of clients and employers</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Produce quality
products</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maintain independent
judgment</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Manage ethically</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Protect
integrity of profession</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Support
colleagues</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Pursue lifelong
learning</span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scenario #1</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You are the
owner of a software engineering company. Your employees (engineers) want you to
pay for them to attend training.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How would you
respond in a way that is legal, moral, and ethical?</span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scenario #2</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You are the
owner of a software engineering company. Your employees (engineers) want you to
let them do pro bono work for a local non-profit organization on company time.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How would you
respond in a way that islegal, moral, and ethical?</span></h2>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scenario #3</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You are the head
of a computer science department at a university. Your boss(a “dean”) wants you
to find a way to tweak your curriculum so undergrads are more likely to choose
your department for their major.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How would you
respond in a way that islegal, moral, and ethical?</span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scenario #4</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You are a
software engineer working at a large publicly-traded corporation, where a
colleague invents a new kind of compiler. Your managers see it as a huge potential
cash cow.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How would you
respond in a way that islegal, moral, and ethical?</span></h2>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Ø<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Scenario #5</span></b></div>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">You are a
software engineer at a company where management routinely encourages you and
your colleagues to use pirated software.</span></h2>
<h2 style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial",sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">–<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How would you
respond in a way that islegal, moral, and ethical?</span></h2>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>

Computing Ethics

Computing Ethics Computer Ethics: The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics are very similar to the Biblical commandments . The ...

Introduction of computer language

<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">

</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">     <span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Introduction of <b>computer languages</b></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">

</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><b>Program</b></i>:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<b>Program</b> is a set of statements that tells the computer what
to do a programmer can perform many tasks through statements by a computer. A
program set of symbols and words that are written in <u>programming languages</u>
while writing a program a programmer uses the symbols and words to perform his
tasks. A program written in programming language is also called source program.
The extension of the source code is .c or .cpp</div>
<br />
<br />
<h3>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSiDl1X96Ab4vyI959JPbtkc8Zv5e4ly4kEeHTBk1G5Zqlic-LzPmg8X6TA830vkREhnpWVkiEkwL2tpfR9OJ4ZSCX67DEbZjCEhzx7koknvfjBdv3n_b0fTZ5ODqg5oGWMPZ7B7HdJs/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Introduction to Computer Languages" border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSiDl1X96Ab4vyI959JPbtkc8Zv5e4ly4kEeHTBk1G5Zqlic-LzPmg8X6TA830vkREhnpWVkiEkwL2tpfR9OJ4ZSCX67DEbZjCEhzx7koknvfjBdv3n_b0fTZ5ODqg5oGWMPZ7B7HdJs/s400/images.jpg" title="Introduction to Computer Languages" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Introduction to Computer Languages</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</h3>
<h3>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
Programming languages</div>
</h4>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Programming languages is the set of symbols and words
use to write a program.  The programming languages
are the mean of communication between user and computer. A user can tell
anything to the computer using programming languages</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
There are two
types of programming languages</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
i.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">                    
</span><span dir="LTR"></span>Low level language</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
ii.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">                  
</span><span dir="LTR"></span>High level language </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
Low level language:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
The low level languages are the languages that are so
close to the computer hardware but far from human brain it means that computer
can understand easily the low level language but human brain cannot be
understand these languages easily.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.25in; text-align: justify;">
There are further two types of low level languages</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
i.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">                    
</span><span dir="LTR"></span>Machine  language</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in;">
ii.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">                  
</span><span dir="LTR"></span>Assembly language</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings";">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span>Machine language</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
It is clear thing that computer works only in machine language.
Machine language is the native language of the computer system. computer
understands machine language directly there is no translator use in machine
language machine language is in binary form i.e. (0,1) 0 represents the off
state in the computer and 1 represents the on state in the computer.  It is machine dependent it means that it
depends on the machine every computer has its own machine language. If a
program is written on Motorola processor it cannot be run on Intel processor
because machine language depends on that processor on which program is written.
The programs written in machine language are very lengthy the modification of
the program is very difficult there are fewer programmer of the machine
language.  </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings";">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span>Assembly language </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;">
Assembly language is a low level language it is one
step higher than machine language it means that the instructions use in
assembly language are English like words for example mov, add, sub if we want
to move a value from one register to another then we use the “mov” statement in
assembly language if we want add to variable in assembly language then we use
the “add” instruction. The words which are used in assembly language called
mnemonics. Assembly language is a English like words but computer understands
only machine language it must be converted into machine language to run on the
computer a translator used for assembly language called assembler to convert
the assembly language into machine language</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "wingdings";">Ø<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span>High level language</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
                                                       
High level language are the type of languages which are easily
understandable for human brain but difficult for computer it means that is
close to human language and far from computer language the programs written in
high level languages are very short as compare to machine language editing and
modification of the programs are very easy as compare to machine language that
is why there are much programmer of the high level language. The high level
languages also English like words for example printf(), scanf() and getch()
these are the functions which are used in c language.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
The computer cannot understand this
language directly the language translators are used to convert the high level
language into machine language every high level language has its own translator
for example c used a translator called compiler. Compiler converts the c
statements into machine language as a whole.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
Examples of high level languages</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
C and C++</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
JAVA</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
C#</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
COBOL</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
FORTRAN</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
VISUAL BASIC</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
GW BASIC</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
PASCAL</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 0.75in; text-align: justify;">
   </div>
<br />

Introduction of computer language

Introduction of computer languages Program : Program is a set of statements that tells the computer what to do a pr...